|
|
Distance determination in astronomy
Examples of typical distances
Sun, earth, moon
|
Radius in km |
Distance to the earth in km |
Radius into earth radiuses |
Distance into earth radiuses |
Sun |
696 000 |
149 600 000 |
109 |
23400 |
Eath |
6 393 |
|
1 |
|
Moon |
1 738 |
384 000 |
0,27 |
60 |
The range of the solar system
|
big half axis in aes |
Period |
Radius into earth radiuses |
Mass into grounding masses |
Sun |
|
|
109 |
332943 |
Mercury |
0,39 |
88 d |
0,38 |
0,055 |
Venus |
0,72 |
225 d |
0,95 |
0,815 |
Earth |
1 |
1 a |
1 |
1 |
Mars |
1,52 |
1,9 a |
0,53 |
0,107 |
Jupiter |
5,20 |
11,9 a |
11,2 |
318 |
Saturn |
9,54 |
29,5 a |
9,4 |
95,1 |
Uranus |
19,18 |
84 a |
3,98 |
14,6 |
Neptun |
30,06 |
165 a |
3,88 |
17,2 |
Pluto |
39,06 |
248 a |
0,17 |
0,0017 |
We use the distance annoyance point for the illustration of the
maximum distance of Pluto to the sun -- , for gate on a football field the
following picture arises so:
|
|
The action circle of the "player" Jupiter already then lies
clearly with 7.2 m within the annoyance circle (9.15 m). |
We can recognize the inner planets on an extension of
the annoyance circle. The radius of the sun would behave about 7 mm in
this model, which circulates earth through the distance 1.5 m, Mars at 2.3
m. |
The neighbors of the sun
|
Choice of the next stars
Star |
Constellation |
Distance in Lj |
a Centauri |
Centaur |
4,3 |
Barnards arrow star |
Ophiuchus |
5,9 |
Wulf 359 |
Lion |
7,7 |
Sirius |
big Dog |
8,7 |
61 Cygni |
Swan |
11,1 |
Prokyon |
littel Dog |
11,3 | |
Pluto is, approx. 28 m from the starting point away in this
model the sun has a radius of 6 mm.
Our galaxy
is a spiral galaxy . The sun isn't in the center but in one of
the branches. The orders of magnitude are in the following represented in a side
view:
© Space Telescope Science
Institute
The neighbor GalaxiesSmaller Galaxies find themselves most of
about 20 in a radius of approx. 700 kpc around our Milchstrasse. One calls this
collection the local group. The data of the most important members are:
|
Constellation |
Diameter |
Distance |
Milky Way |
|
31 kpc |
|
big Magellansche cloud |
Dorado |
|
48 kpc |
little Magellansche cloud |
Dorado |
|
56 kpc |
Andromeda fog |
Andromeda |
50 kpc |
680 kpc |
M33 |
Triangle |
50 kpc |
680 kpc |
This already points,
that Galaxies happen frequent in groups, sogenannten Galaxy heap . the local
group probably forms a small group on the edge of the Virgo heap.
Galaxy heap
|
Distance of the center |
Number of Galaxies |
lokal Group |
|
20 |
Virgo-heap |
70 Mpc |
11000 |
Corona-Borealis-heap |
400 Mpc |
|
Methods of the distance regulation
Objekts |
Methods |
Range |
Sun, Planets |
ae = 149 600 000 km trigonometric measurings, radar echos, Kepler law for
mean distance for earth -- for sun
|
Solarsystem |
next star |
a trigonometric parallax 1 PC = 206265 aes; 1 light year =
0.3066 PC = 63240 aes |
to 10 PC, with great inaccuracies to 100 PC |
Hyaden |
Star current parallax |
42 pc |
Milky Way |
spectroscopic parallax |
|
Galaxy |
Cepheiden brightest stars, sphere star cluster Supernovae |
till ca 4 Mpc 30 Mpc 200 Mpc |
Galaxy heap |
brightest elliptic Galaxies |
10 000 Mpc ? |
|
|
|